In the city of Valencia, eastern Spain

 Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar was a Castilian knight and warlord in medieval Spain. The Moors called him El Cid, which meant the Lord, and the Christians, El Campeador, which means "The Champion" in modern Spanish, but is literally translated as "The Battlefielder" or "Battlefield Master" in Old Castilian. After his death, El Cid became Spain's celebrated national hero and the protagonist of the most significant medieval Spanish epic poem, El Cantar de Mio Cid. (To this day, El Cid remains a Spanish folk-hero and national icon, with his life and deeds remembered in plays, films, folktales, songs, and video games.)

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(in eastern Spain) The city of Valencia, capital of Valencia province and the autonomous community of Valencia, was the historical capital of the former kingdom of Valencia. On the Mediterranean coast at the mouth of the Turia (Guadalaviar) River, it is surrounded by orchards in a region known as the Huerta de Valencia. The earliest mention of the site (Valentia) was by the Roman historian Livy, who stated that the consul Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus settled the soldier veterans of the Lusitanian leader Viriathus here in 138 BCE. It later became a prosperous Roman colony.

+ Taken by the Visigoths in 413 CE and in 714 by the Moors, it became the seat of the newly established independent Moorish kingdom of Valencia in 1021, which extended from Almería to the Ebro estuary. From 1089 until the final capitulation of the city in 1094, the kingdom was fought for by the Spanish soldier-hero El Cid, who eventually secured it from the Moorish Almoravids. It remained in the hands of El Cid, after whom it was sometimes called Valencia del Cid, until his death here in 1099. The Moors recovered the city (and kingdom) in 1102. In 1238 James I of Aragon added Valencia to his dominions, but the kingdom continued to be administered separately, with its own laws and parliament. In 1479, with the other countries of the Aragonese crown, the kingdom was united with Castile under the monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella, resulting in a long period of peace during which the city developed rapidly and the arts prospered. The first Spanish printing press is said to have been set up there in 1474, and during the next two centuries the city was the seat of the Valencian school of painting. During the Spanish Civil War it was the loyalist capital from 1936 to 1939.

+ Valencia has been called the city of the 100 bell towers, of which the most outstanding are the Gothic Miguelete Tower, adjoining the cathedral, and the hexagonal Tower of Santa Catalina, a fine example of Valencian Baroque style. The most important church is the cathedral, La Seo, situated in the ancient city center. Begun in the 13th century, it represents several styles -- its three doorways are respectively Romanesque, Baroque, and Gothic -- and it possesses many works of art, including two large religious paintings by José de Goya y Lucientes (better known as Goya).