In the city of Salzburg also known as Salzburgerland, Republic of Austria

 “To talk well and eloquently is a very great art, but that an equally great one is to know the right moment to stop.” ― Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

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(in west-central Austria) Salzburg (also known as Salzburgerland), is a federal state (Land) of the Republic of Austria. It is officially named Land Salzburg to distinguish it from its capital -- the city of Salzburg (pictured here). For centuries, it was an independent Prince-Bishopric of the Holy Roman Empire. The state of Salzburg stretches along its main river (the Salzach), which rises in the Central Eastern Alps in the south to the Alpine foothills in the north. It is located near the border with the German state of Bavaria; to the northeast lies the state of Upper Austria; to the east the state of Styria; to the south the states of Carinthia and Tyrol. Running through the south are the main ranges of the Alpine divide.

+ Ninety percent of the state of Salzburg Bundesland is situated among the Alps; it contains some of the most beautiful mountain scenery in the world. The trough formed by the upper Salzach and upper Enns rivers separates the Tauern mountain ranges to the south from the Kitzbüheler Alps and, farther north, the Salzburg Limestone Alps, whose karst features include caves, notably the ice caves of the Tennen Mountains. The Flysch Alps north and east of the city of Salzburg, are part of the Alpine Salzkammergut (a dramatic region of alpine and subalpine lakes, deeply carved valleys, rolling hills and rugged, steep mountain ranges).

+ In 1816, following the defeat of Napoleon and the provision of compensation to Bavaria at the Congress of Vienna, Salzburg was returned to Austria with the exception of the northwestern Rupertiwinkel, which remained Bavarian. The Salzburger Land was administered as the department of Salzach from Linz, the capital of Upper Austria. In 1849 the Duchy of Salzburg was established as a crown land of the Austrian Empire and, after 1866, Austria-Hungary.

+ Salzburg participated in World War I as part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. After that war, the Duchy of Salzburg was dissolved and replaced with the State of Salzburg as a component part (initially) of German Austria and subsequently of the First Republic of Austria, the separate state that was mandated by the Allied powers. In the Anschluss, Austria, including Salzburg state, was incorporated into Nazi Germany in 1938. After the defeat of  Germany in 1945, the Allies occupied the territory of Austria, being recognized as an independent territory under their rule. Salzburg was occupied by the United States. In 1955 Austria was declared independent of the Allies and Salzburg was once again one of the reconstituted federal states of the second Republic of Austria.

+ The state’s population has increased since World War II, but its density is still one of the lowest in Austria. The principal towns are Salzburg, Hallein, Badgastein, Saalfelden, Zell am See, and Sankt Johann.