In the city of Augsburg, in the state of Bavaria, in southern Germany

 “Nowadays, anyone who wishes to combat lies and ignorance and to write the truth must overcome at least five difficulties. He must have the courage to write the truth when truth is everywhere opposed; the keenness to recognize it, although it is everywhere concealed; the skill to manipulate it as a weapon; the judgment to select those in whose hands it will be effective; and the running to spread the truth among such persons.” ― Bertolt Brecht

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(in southern Germany) The city of Augsburg, in the state of Bavaria, lies at the junction of the Wertach and Lech rivers. The town was founded as a Roman colony by Nero Claudius Drusus, the younger brother of Tiberius, in 15 BCE. It was the seat of a bishopric by 739 CE, and the Hungarians were defeated by King Otto I in 955 on the plain south of the town. Augsburg became an imperial free city in 1276 and joined the Swabian League in 1331. The business houses, headed by the Fugger and Welser merchant families, spearheaded Augsburg’s development in the 15th and 16th centuries as a European banking and commercial center. At an imperial Diet held in the city in 1530, the Lutherans presented their Augsburg Confession to the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, and at the Diet of 1555. The Peace of Augsburg was concluded between Roman Catholics and Lutherans within the empire. The League of Augsburg, which opposed the expansionist policies of Louis XIV of France, was agreed upon here in 1686. The city fell to Bavaria in 1806. The Town Hall and the famous Fuggerei, the oldest housing settlement for the poor in the world, were damaged in World War II. Both have been restored, but the Golden Hall in the Town Hall was destroyed. There are medieval churches here, three 16th-century fountains on the main street, plus a town museum, art galleries, and a municipal library.

+ The largest city on the Romantic Road, Augsburg is also one of Germany’s oldest, founded by the stepchildren of Roman emperor Augustus more than 2,000 years ago. As a city state from the 13th century, it was one of its wealthiest, free to raise its own taxes, with public coffers bulging on the proceeds of the textile trade. Banking families like the Fuggers and the Welsers even bankrolled entire countries and helped out the occasional monarch. From the 16th century, however, religious strife and economic decline plagued the city. (Augsburg finally joined the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1806.)

+ An important traffic junction, Augsburg is also an industrial center, with manufactures that include machinery and electrical equipment. The city is the seat of the University of Augsburg, founded in 1970 as a regional Bavarian university; the city also has several colleges of music and a technical college featuring courses in engineering, economics, and business administration. The house of Leopold Mozart, father of the composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, is now a Mozart museum. The German poet and playwright Bertolt Brecht was born in the city in 1898.