Wednesday 19 October 2022

At the Trevi Fountain, in the district of Rome, Italy

 "Three coins in the fountain

Each one seeking happiness...."
-- Three Coins in the Fountain lyrics (by Sammy Cahn)
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(in the Trevi district of Rome, Italy) The Trevi Fountain (Fontana di Trevi) is considered a late Baroque masterpiece and is arguably the best known of the city’s many fountains. It was designed by Nicola Salvi and completed by Giuseppe Pannini in 1762. Rome's most famous fountain, this iconic fountain is a flamboyant ensemble of mythical figures and wild horses taking up the entire side of the 17th-century Palazzo Poli. Thousands visit the fountain every day, keeping up with the tradition of tossing a coin into the water to ensure they will return to Rome.

+ The fountain's design depicts sea-god Oceanus in a shell-shaped chariot led by Tritons with seahorses -- one wild, one docile -- representing the moods of the sea. In the niche to the left of Neptune, a statue represents Abundance; to the right is Salubrity. The water comes from the Aqua Virgo, a 1st-century-BCE underground aqueduct, and the name Trevi refers to the "tre vie" (three roads) that converge at the fountain.

+ The famous tradition of tossing a coin into the fountain to ensure your return to Rome comes from the 1954 film Three Coins in the Fountain. The money thrown into the Trevi is collected daily and goes to the Catholic charity Caritas. Most famously, Trevi Fountain is where movie star Anita Ekberg cavorted in a ballgown in director Federico Fellini's classic La Dolce Vita (1960); apparently she wore waders under her iconic black dress but still shivered during the winter shoot. In the summer of 2016, a British woman was fined €450 for dancing in the fountain in an evening dress and fur stole in blatant imitation of the iconic actress. In 2016, fashion house Fendi staged a "Legends and Fairytales" fashion show at the fountain during which catwalk models walked on water -- or rather strutted across a glass walkway constructed above the emerald water -- as the sun set over this Roman icon. (It was given permission to do so in acknowledgment of its sponsorship of the fountain's restoration.) The fountain has actually appeared in several films, including Roman Holiday (1953); Three Coins in the Fountain (1954); Federico Fellini's classic, La Dolce Vita (1960); Sabrina Goes to Rome (1998); and, The Lizzie McGuire Movie (2003).

+ Four different sculptors were hired to complete the fountain's decorations: Pietro Bracci (whose statue of Oceanus sits in the central niche), Filippo della Valle, Giovanni Grossi, and Andrea Bergondi. Giuseppe Pannini, son of Giovanni Paolo Panini, was hired as architect. The Trevi Fountain was finished in 1762 by Pannini, who substituted the present allegories for planned sculptures of Agrippa and Trivia, the Roman virgin. It was officially opened and inaugurated on 22 May by Pope Clement XIII. The majority of the piece is made from Travertine stone, quarried near Tivoli, about 35 kilometers (~22 miles) east of Rome.



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At the medieval Cologne Cathedral (Kölner Dom), in the city of Cologne, Germany

 One of the key inland ports of Europe, Cologne (German: Köln) is the historic, cultural, and economic capital of the Rhineland. ===========...