In the city of Coimbra, in western-central Portugal

 "The sun is high — the birds oppress'd with heat

Fly to the shade, until refreshing airs
Lure them again to leave their cool retreat. —
The falls of water but of wearying cares."
-- The sun is high — the birds oppress'd with heat, by Francisco de Sá de Miranda, a Portuguese poet, born in Coimbra. (He was the first author to write sonnets in Portugal.)
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(in west-central Portugal) The city of Coimbra, located on the northern bank of the Mondego River, is an animated city steeped in history. The fourth-largest agglomerated urban area in Portugal after Lisbon, Porto, and Braga, it is the largest city of the district of Coimbra and the Centro Region.

+ Rising scenically from the Rio Mondego, Coimbra was Portugal’s medieval capital for more than a century, and it is home to the country’s oldest and most prestigious university. Its historic center dates to Moorish times and is wonderfully atmospheric, with its dark cobbled lanes and monumental cathedral. On summer evenings, the city’s old stone walls reverberate with the haunting metallic notes of the guitarra (Portuguese guitar) and the full, deep voices of fado singers. Among the many archaeological structures dating back to the Roman era (when Coimbra was the settlement of Aeminium), are its well-preserved aqueduct and cryptoporticus. Similarly, buildings from the period when Coimbra was the capital of Portugal (from 1131 to 1255) still remain. During the late Middle Ages, with its decline as the political center of the Kingdom of Portugal, Coimbra began to evolve into a major cultural center. This was helped by the establishment of the first Portuguese university in 1290 in Lisbon and its relocation to Coimbra in 1308, making it the oldest academic institution in the Portuguese-speaking world. Apart from attracting many European and international students, the university is visited by many tourists for its monuments and history. Its historical buildings were classified as a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 2013.

+ From 1139 until 1260, when it was replaced by Lisbon, the city of Coimbra was the capital of Portugal. Six medieval kings (Sancho I and II, Afonso II and III, Pedro I, and Ferdinand I) were born here, as was the 16th-century poet Francisco de Sá de Miranda. In the early 16th century the city was a center for polyphonic music, which travelers carried to Ethiopia and to the Congo region. Other notable landmarks in Coimbra include the Romanesque old cathedral; the church of São Salvador, the new cathedral, the Machado de Castro Museum in the old episcopal palace, the Santa Cruz church (built in the reign of Afonso I), the Aqueduct of São Sebastião, and the 12th-century Monastery of Celas (built by Beata Sancha, daughter of Sancho I). On the north side of the Mondego, linked to Coimbra by a stone bridge, is the suburb of Santa Clara; within that suburb are the old 13th- and new 17th-century convents of Santa Clara, where Inês de Castro, mistress of King Pedro I, was allegedly murdered.