In the city of Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina

 The Sarajevo incident refers to the events surrounding the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife Archduchess Sophie in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. It is regarded as the immediate catalyst for the First World War. The murder of the Austrian royal became a flashpoint in history.

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(in the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina) Sarajevo has gained international renown several times. In 1885, it was the first city in Europe to have a full-time electric tram network. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a local Young Bosnia activist Gavrilo Princip, a murder that sparked World War I. This resulted in the end of Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and the creation of the multicultural Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the Balkan region.

+ During the 19th century, rival powers of Europe formed alliances: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed the Triple Alliance. Great Britain, France, and Russia formed the Triple Entente. Tensions grew between Austria-Hungary and Serbia as Serbian nationalists attempted to unite all Slavic peoples living in the Balkan region into a single state. German success in the Franco-German War established the German Empire.
+ The assassinations on 28 June 1914, stirred up conflicts in the region. Austria-Hungary tried to settle its dispute with Serbia. Expecting Russia’s support of Serbia, Austria-Hungary gained support from Germany before presenting a warlike ultimatum to Serbia. Austria-Hungary then (on 28 July 1914) declared war on Serbia. Four imperial dynasties collapsed as a result of the war: the Habsburgs of Austria-Hungary, the Hohenzollerns of Germany, the sultanate of the Ottoman Empire, and the Romanovs of Russia.

+ After the Paris Peace Conference, the map of Europe changed forever as territories were divided among the Allied powers. The war led to the October Revolution in Russia, which put the Bolsheviks in control of the Russian government. The United States emerged as a world power, and the growth of nationalism in central and eastern Europe set the foundation for World War II.

+ Later, after World War II, Sarajevo was the de facto capital of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the republic (also known as Second Yugoslavia), leading to much economic development. In 1984 the socialist republic hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics, which marked a prosperous era for Sarajevo. After the start of the Yugoslav Wars, however, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare. From April 1992 to February 1996, the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia, tore families apart.

+ With continued post-war reconstruction in the aftermath, Sarajevo is now the fastest growing city in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Shown here is Latin Bridge (over the Miljacka river), one of the oldest Ottoman bridges in the city. (It is also known for its historic event, where the outbreak of WWI was triggered.)