Friday 8 March 2024

In the city of Tuzla, northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina

 In Southeast Europe, Bosnia is on the Balkan Peninsula, bordering Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to the north and southwest. In the south it has a 20 km (12 mi.) long coast on the Adriatic Sea.

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(in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, commonly called Bosnia) Settled under the Majevica mountain range on the Jala River, Tuzla is a historic cultural town, where you can enjoy the the largest square in the country. Tuzla boasts a heritage of more than 6,000 years, dating to the Neolithic period preserved in its Archaeological Park. You can also visit the Tuzla Fortress, the National Museum, and the mosques and churches reflecting the town's diversity -- and the Square of Freedom, where you can mingle with locals, enjoy the cafes and restaurants, and watch the musical fountain.
+ Modern Tuzla dates back to 1510 when it became a garrison town in the Ottoman Empire. Tuzla is also regarded as one of the most multicultural cities in Bosnia and has mintained the pluralist character of the city throughout the Bosnian War and after.

+ The city was first mentioned in 950 as a fort named Salines. The name Soli was used in the Middle Ages, when it belonged mostly to the medieval Kingdom of Bosnia. After its fall to the Ottomans in 1463, the region was controlled by the Ottomans, occupying the villages of Gornje Soli and "Donje Soli." It remained under Ottoman rule until 1878,when it was occupied by Austria-Hungary. After that, it became the part of Yugoslavia.

+ During WWII, Tuzla was included in the Independent State of Croatia and controlled by the Legion of the Croatian Home Guard. Tuzla was among the first areas in Europe to be liberated, when Tito's Yugoslav Partisans freed it from the German occupiers in 1943. After WWII, it developed into a major industrial and cultural center during the Communist period in the former Yugoslavia.

+ After Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence in the mid-1990s and was recognized by the UN, the city was besieged by Serbian forces. (The town was not spared the atrocities of the Bosnian War.)
Early in the war, troops of the 92nd Motorised Brigade of the Yugoslav People's Army were ambushed by units of Bosnia's Territorial Defence Force, while attempting to withdraw from the city.

+ Tuzla dates back to 1510 when it became a garrison town in the Ottoman Empire. It is also regarded as one of the most multicultural cities in the country and has kept the pluralist character of the city during the Bosnian War and after.

+ The city was first mentioned as a fort named Salines. Its present name means "place of salt." During the Middle Ages it belonged to the Kingdom of Bosnia. After falling to the Ottoman Empire in 1463, the region was controlled by it until the Ottomans took control of the Usora in the 1530s, where it remained until 1878 when it was occupied by Austria-Hungary. After that, it became the part of Yugoslavia. (During WWII, Tuzla was included in the State of Croatia.)



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At the medieval Cologne Cathedral (Kölner Dom), in the city of Cologne, Germany

 One of the key inland ports of Europe, Cologne (German: Köln) is the historic, cultural, and economic capital of the Rhineland. ===========...