In the city of Vienna, capital of Austria

 "One day, in retrospect, the years of struggle will strike you as the most beautiful."--Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis

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(on the eastern edge of the Vienna Woods (Wienerwald) the northeasternmost foothills of the Alps) Vienna is the capital, largest city, and one of nine federal states of Austria. It is the country's most populous city, with some two million inhabitants. It is the largest (by population) of all cities on the Danube river.
The city lies on the northeasternmost foothills of the Alps that separate Vienna from the more western parts of Austria -- at the transition to the Pannonian Basin. It sits on the Danube, and is also traversed by the Wienfluss (Vienna River). Vienna is surrounded by Lower Austria, and lies around 50 km (31 mi.) west of Slovakia and its capital Bratislava, 60 km (37 mi.) northwest of Hungary, and 60 km (37 mi.) south of Moravia (in the Czech Republic).

"The once Celtic settlement of Vedunia was converted by the Romans into the castrum and canaba Vindobona (province of Pannonia) in the 1st century, and was elevated to a municipium with Roman city rights in 212. This was followed by a time in the sphere of influece of the Lombards and later the Pannonian Avars, when Slavs formed the majority of the region's population. From the 8th century on, the region was settled by the Baiuvarii. In 976, the Babenbergs established the Margraviate of Austria. In 1221, Vienna was granted city rights by Leopold VI. The reign of the Habsburgs began in 1278. In 1558, Vienna became the capital of the Holy Roman Empire, which it remained until 1806. It was the capital of the Austrian Empire from 1804 to 1867, and of the Cisleithanian part of Austria-Hungary from 1867 to 1918, and soon became the capital of Austria.

+ Until the beginning of the 20th century, Vienna was the largest German-speaking city in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the city had two million inhabitants. Today, it is the second-largest German-speaking city after Berlin. Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations, OPEC and the OSCE. In 2001, the city center was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

+ Vienna has been called the "City of Music" due to its musical legacy, as many famous classical musicians such as Beethoven, Brahms, Haydn, Mahler, Mozart, Schoenberg, Schubert, and Johann Strauss called Vienna home. It is well known for having played a pivotal role as a leading European music center, from the age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. Vienna is also said to be the "City of Dreams" because it was home to the world's first psychoanalyst, Sigmund Freud. The historic center of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque palaces and gardens, and the late-19th-century Ringstraße, which is lined with grand buildings, monuments. and parks.