In the county of Cambridgeshire, England

 "In the course of my travels, the belief that everything worth knowing was known at Cambridge gradually wore off."

-- Bertrand Russell
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(in the county of Cambridgeshire, England) Cambridge, a city and non-metropolitan district, is the county town of Cambridgeshire and is located on the River Cam, 55 miles (89 km) north of London. Cambridge became a trading center during the Roman and Viking ages. The first town charters were granted in the 12th century, although modern city status was not officially conferred until 1951. The city is well known as the home of the University of Cambridge, which was founded in 1209 and consistently ranks among the best universities in the world. The buildings of the university include King's College Chapel, Cavendish Laboratory, and the Cambridge University Library, one of the largest legal deposit libraries in the world. The city's skyline is dominated by several college buildings, along with the spire of the Our Lady and the English Martyrs Church, and the chimney of Addenbrooke's Hospital. {Anglia Ruskin University, which evolved from the Cambridge School of Art and the Cambridgeshire College of Arts and Technology, also has its main campus in the city).

+ Cambridge is at the heart of the high-technology Silicon Fen or Cambridge Cluster, which contains industries such as software and bioscience and many start-up companies born out of the university. The Cambridge Biomedical Campus, one of the largest biomedical research clusters in the world, includes the headquarters of AstraZeneca and the relocated Royal Papworth Hospital.

+ Cambridge also produced the first "Laws of the Game" for association football and was the site of the first game, held at Parker's Piece. (The Strawberry Fair music and arts festival and Midsummer Fair are held on Midsummer Common, and the annual Cambridge Beer Festival takes place on Jesus Green.)

+ In the 19th century, Cambridge expanded rapidly. The Inclosure Acts of 1801 and 1807 enabled the town to expand over surrounding open fields and in 1912 and again in 1935 its boundaries were extended to include Chesterton, Cherry Hinton, and Trumpington. The railway came to Cambridge in 1845 with the opening of the Great Eastern Railway's London to Norwich line.

+ From the 1930s to the 1980s, the size of the city was increased by several large council estates. The biggest impact has been on the area north of the river, which are now the estates of East Chesterton, King's Hedges, and Arburys.

+ During World War II, Cambridge was an important center for defense of the east coast. The town became a military center, with an R.A.F. training center and the regional headquarters for Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, Hertfordshire, and Bedfordshire established during the conflict. The town itself escaped relatively lightly from German bombing raids. In 1944, a secret meeting of military leaders held in Trinity College laid the foundation for the allied invasion of Europe.